abstract：:Patterns of biodiversity are ultimately the product of speciation and extinction. Speciation serves as the biodiversity pump while extinction serves as the agent that culls global to local levels of biodiversity. Linking these central processes to global and local patterns of biodiversity is a key challenge in both ec...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Swenson NG

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellites were developed for the native, perennial herbs Houstonia longifolia and H. purpurea to establish rates and patterns of hybridization among these and other closely related lineages within the genus. METHODS AND RESULTS:Seven primer sets were developed and tested using populations ac...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Glennon KL,Church SA

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Seabirds often cause significant changes to soil properties, and seabird-dominated systems often host unique plant communities. This study experimentally (1) examined species-specific responses to seabird guano gradients, (2) considered the role that differential functional traits among species pla...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Young HS,McCauley DJ,Dirzo R

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Virtually nothing is known about what actually happens during prolonged dormancy, the period during which significant proportions of geophyte populations do not sprout after seasonal dormancy but remain alive underground, to emerge again 1 or more years later. This study investigated the fate of pe...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Gregg KB

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Little is known about the effect of environmental conditions on seed dormancy break at the community level or how it could be affected by climate change. This study tested the effects of storage conditions on germination of 489 species from high-elevation natural grasslands on the Tibet Plateau. M...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Liu K,Baskin JM,Baskin CC,Bu H,Liu M,Liu W,Du G

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:High intraspecific cytogenetic variation in the sedge genus Carex (Cyperaceae) is hypothesized to be due to the "diffuse" or non-localized centromeres, which facilitate chromosome fission and fusion. If chromosome number changes are dominated by fission and fusion, then chromosome evolution will re...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Chung KS,Weber JA,Hipp AL

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Large-scale population genetics studies are required to investigate the dispersal processes underlying the emergence of Mycosphaerella fijiensis, a fungal pathogen of banana. To this end, we have developed an optimized genotyping procedure combining novel microsatellite markers and a m...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Robert S,Rieux A,Argout X,Carlier J,Zapater MF

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Fungal plant pathogens exert much of their effect on plant cells through alterations in the host cell walls. However, obtaining biochemical proof for this change is difficult because of the relatively small number of cells that are affected by the pathogen relative to the bulk of host ...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Bowling AJ,Vaughn KC,Hoagland RE,Stetina K,Boyette CD

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The Malpighiaceae include ∼1300 tropical flowering plant species in which generic definitions and intergeneric relationships have long been problematic. The goals of our study were to resolve relationships among the 11 generic segregates from the New World genus Mascagnia, test the mon...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Davis CC,Anderson WR

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellite loci were developed to characterize genetic variation and population subdivision in Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. (Meliaceae). • METHODS AND RESULTS:Microsatellite loci were identified from genomic DNA sequences generated using the 454 GS-FLX titanium platform. Pr...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Sexton GJ,Frere CH,Dieters MJ,Godwin ID,Prentis PJ

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Specific leaf area (SLA) is a critical component of the leaf economics spectrum, and many functional leaf traits have been empirically demonstrated to covary with SLA. However, a complete understanding of how change in leaf size influences SLA has not yet emerged. • METHODS:To help de...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Price CA,Weitz JS

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellite markers were developed in an alpine plant endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Androsace tapete, to investigate its spatial genetic structure, gene flow, and mating patterns. • METHODS AND RESULTS:Using the combined biotin capture method, 16 microsatellite primer set...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Zeng L,Li Z,Tashi T,Chen J,Zhong Y,Geng Y

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Verbenaceae consist of trees, shrubs, lianas, and herbs distributed primarily in Latin America, where they occur in a wide array of ecosystems. A second center of diversity exists in Africa. Competing morphology-based classifications that rely on different traits conflict in significan...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Marx HE,O'Leary N,Yuan YW,Lu-Irving P,Tank DC,Múlgura ME,Olmstead RG

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Polyploid speciation has been important in plant evolution. However, the conditions that favor the origination and persistence of polyploids are still not well understood. Here, we examine origins of 16 polyploid species in Mentzelia section Trachyphytum. • METHODS:We used phylogeny r...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Brokaw JM,Hufford L

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Most studies on orchid hybrids examine separately the effects of hybridization on interactions with pollinators or with mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we simultaneously investigated both interactions in the mediterranean food-deceptive Orchis simia, O. anthropophora, and their hybrid (O. ×be...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Schatz B,Geoffroy A,Dainat B,Bessière JM,Buatois B,Hossaert-McKey M,Selosse MA

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Taxonomic groups have often been recognized on the basis of geographic distinctions rather than accurately representing evolutionary relationships. This has been particularly true for temperate and tropical members from the same family. Polygonaceae exemplifies this problem, wherein th...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Burke JM,Sanchez A,Kron K,Luckow M

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In volume 97(2) of the American Journal of Botany (pp. 268-275), we published an article entitled "Structural, physiological, and stable carbon isotopic evidence that the enigmatic Paleozoic fossil Prototaxites formed from rolled liverwort mats". Here, we respond to a letter and a commentary on our article in the pres...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Graham LE,Cook ME,Hanson DT,Pigg KB,Graham JM

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Phenolic compounds exuded by roots have been implicated in allelopathic interactions among plants. Root enzymes that destroy phenolics may protect plants against allelopathic inhibition and thus may aid in invasiveness. Phenolic-degrading enzymes are chiefly found in aboveground plant ...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Holzapfel C,Shahrokh P,Kafkewitz D

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:• PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Polymorphic microsatellite primers were developed in the seagrass Halophila ovalis to investigate genetic variation. • METHODS AND RESULTS:Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed in Halophila ovalis. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 12 across 80 H. ovalis i...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Xu NN,Yu S,Zhang JG,Tsang PK,Chen XY

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:A mixture of outcrossing and selfing is often observed in plant populations. Although mixed mating is ubiquitous, it has several potential evolutionary explanations. Mixed mating may be actively maintained by selection, passively determined by the pollination environment, or a transiti...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Busch JW,Herlihy CR,Gunn L,Werner WJ

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biological nature of some symbioses is unclear because it is often not easy to discern whether the symbionts obtain any benefits from the association. Mastodia tessellata, a symbiosis between a leafy green alga and a fungus of uncertain phylogenetic position, is among the most investigated, controversial, and poor...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Pérez-Ortega S,Ríos Ade L,Crespo A,Sancho LG

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viability of long-distance pollen links ecological models to the genetic structure of forest tree populations, determining how forests will adapt to climate change and how far genes flow from genetically modified (GM) pine plantations. Addressing this landscape-scale inquiry is feasible when the pollen source, the del...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Williams CG

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biogeographical studies of lichens used to be complicated because of the large distribution ranges of many species. Molecular systematics has revitalized lichen biogeography by improving species delimitation and providing better information about species range limitations. This study focuses on the major clade of trop...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Divakar PK,Lumbsch HT,Ferencova Z,Del Prado R,Crespo A

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the role of geography and ecology in species divergence is central to the study of evolutionary diversification. We used climatic, geographic, and biological data from nine wild Andean tomato species to describe each species' ecological niche and to evaluate the likely ecological and geographical modes o...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Nakazato T,Warren DL,Moyle LC

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellite primers were developed in the introduced shrub Rhamnus cathartica L., to investigate potential hybridization events with related taxa as a stimulus of invasive spread. • METHODS AND RESULTS:Using a non-radioactive protocol, 15 primer sets were identified in North Americ...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Culley TM,Stewart JR

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In spite of the ecological and economic importance of temperate bamboos, relatively little is known about their population biology or evolutionary history. Recently, hybridization has emerged as a potential source of diversity in this group, as well as an underlying cause of taxonomic problems. As part of a broader ph...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Triplett JK,Oltrogge KA,Clark LG

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Woody stems comprise a large biological carbon fraction and determine water transport between roots and leaves; their structure and function can influence both carbon and hydrological cycles. While angiosperm wood anatomy and density determine hydraulic conductivity and mechanical strength, little is known about inter...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Zanne AE,Westoby M,Falster DS,Ackerly DD,Loarie SR,Arnold SE,Coomes DA

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The degree to which plants self-fertilize may impact their potential for genetic adaptation. Given that the mating system influences genetic processes within and among populations, the mating system could limit or promote local adaptation. I conducted a literature survey of published reciprocal transplant experiments ...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Hereford J

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-distance transplantation of seed material as done in restoration programs has raised concerns about the risks associated with the introduction of maladapted genotypes that may hybridize with neighboring native conspecifics and decrease local population fitness (outbreeding depression). We studied the consequences...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Crémieux L,Bischoff A,Müller-Schärer H,Steinger T

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Darwin's research on botany and plant physiology was a landmark attempt to integrate plant movements into a biological perspective of behavior. Since antiquity, people have sought to explain plant movements via mechanical or physiological forces, and yet they also constructed analogies between plant and animal behavio...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Whippo CW,Hangarter RP

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biogeographical patterns and diversification processes in Andean and Patagonian flora are not yet well understood. Calceolaria is a highly diversified genus of these areas, representing one of the most specialized plant-pollinator systems because flowers produce nonvolatile oils, a very unusual floral reward. Phylogen...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Cosacov A,Sérsic AN,Sosa V,De-Nova JA,Nylinder S,Cocucci AA

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We demonstrated that "orchid mycorrhiza," a specialized mycorrhizal type, appeared in the common ancestor of the largest plant family Orchidaceae and that the fungal partner shifted from Glomeromycota to a particular clade of Basidiomycota in association with this character evolution. Several unique mycorrhizal charac...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Yukawa T,Ogura-Tsujita Y,Shefferson RP,Yokoyama J

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolutionary history of maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) is of general interest because of its economic and scientific importance. Here we show that many cellular traits described previously in developing caryopses of maize are also seen in its wild progenitor teosinte (Zea mays subsp. parviglumis). These features, ea...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Dermastia M,Kladnik A,Dolenc Koce J,Chourey PS

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biogeography of plant-animal interactions is a novel topic on which many disciplines converge (e.g., reproductive biology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology). Narrative reviews have indicated that tropical columnar cacti and agaves have highly specialized pollination systems, while extratropical species have ...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Munguía-Rosas MA,Sosa VJ,Ojeda MM,De-Nova JA

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deciphering species relationships and hybrid origins in polyploid agamic species complexes is notoriously difficult. In this study of cheilanthoid ferns, we demonstrate increased resolving power for clarifying the origins of polyploid lineages by integrating evidence from a diverse selection of biosystematic methods. ...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Grusz AL,Windham MD,Pryer KM

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite their ecological significance, parasitic plants face more conservation challenges than do autotrophic plants. This is especially true for the groups that include weedy or invasive species such as Cuscuta. While approximately half of the Cuscuta (dodders) species may require conservation measures, the genus as ...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Costea M,Stefanovic S

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A spatially explicit, reiterative algorithm (SERA) is presented and used to predict multiple aspects of plant population and community dynamics. Using simple physical principles and empirically derived relationships, SERA provides an analytical venue to test alternative hypotheses about individual functional traits go...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Hammond ST,Niklas KJ

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The eudicot order Malpighiales contains ∼16000 species and is the most poorly resolved large rosid clade. To clarify phylogenetic relationships in the order, we used maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and parsimony analyses of DNA sequence data from 13 gene regions, totaling 15604 bp, and representing all three genomic com...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Wurdack KJ,Davis CC

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We provide an overview of research on climbing plants from Charles Darwin to the present day. Following Darwin's interests, this review will focus on functional perspectives including attachment mechanisms and stem structure and function. We draw attention to a number of unsolved problems inviting future research. The...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Isnard S,Silk WK

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose a new method, the leaf measuring-interval index (LMI), to estimate leaf age in morphological and physiological studies of leaves. When the plastochron, the interval between the initiation of successive leaves, is constant, the well-known leaf plastochron index (LPI) provides a robust measure of leaf age. Wh...

journal_title：American journal of botany

authors： Chen CC,Chen H,Chen YR

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00